NEXT GENERATION IRRIGATION SYSTEM

This project focuses on an advanced irrigation system that leverages the latest technologies to enhance agricultural practices. The system utilizes temperature and soil moisture sensors to continuously monitor environmental conditions. Based on the real-time data collected, the irrigation process is automatically controlled to meet the precise water requirements of the soil. When the sensors detect that the soil moisture level falls below a certain threshold, the water pump is activated automatically, ensuring efficient and timely watering without any manual intervention. This smart, automatic irrigation system optimizes water usage, promotes healthy crop growth, and reduces water wastage.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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INTRODUCTION:
An automatic irrigation system employs sensors to continuously monitor environmental conditions and soil moisture levels, activating irrigation only when it is truly needed. This intelligent approach optimizes water usage, ensuring plants receive the precise amount of hydration required for healthy growth. The core components of the system include an Arduino microcontroller, a soil moisture sensor, a humidity sensor, a relay module, and a water pump, all working together seamlessly to deliver efficient and timely watering.

Components and Their Functions

Arduino Uno:
Function: Serves as the central processing unit of the system, reading data from sensors and controlling the water pump.
Working: It processes input signals from the soil moisture and humidity sensors, then activates or deactivates the relay module according to predefined moisture and environmental thresholds.

Soil Moisture Sensor (e.g., Capacitive or Resistive):
Function: Measures the moisture content in the soil.
Working: It outputs an analog or digital signal proportional to the soil’s moisture level. The Arduino reads this signal to determine whether the soil is dry or sufficiently moist.

Humidity Sensor (e.g., DHT11 or DHT22):
Function: Measures ambient humidity and temperature.
Working: Sends digital data to the Arduino, providing real-time environmental information to complement soil moisture readings.

Relay Module:
Function: Acts as an electrically controlled switch to manage the water pump based on Arduino commands.
Working: When triggered by the Arduino, it closes the circuit, allowing current to flow and powering the water pump.

Water Pump:
Function: Delivers water to the irrigation system.
Working: Operates when the relay closes the circuit, pumping water to the plants until adequate moisture levels are restored.

Power Supply:
Function: Provides electrical power to the Arduino, sensors, relay module, and water pump.
Working: Typically includes USB power for the Arduino and an external power source (battery or adapter) for the pump.

Connecting Wires:
Function: Facilitate electrical connections between components.
Working: Transmit power and signal data throughout the system.

Breadboard (optional):
Function: Enables prototyping and temporary connections without soldering.
Working: Simplifies circuit assembly and testing.

Working Description of the Automatic Irrigation System

Initialization:
The Arduino initializes all sensors and configures input/output pins. The soil moisture and humidity sensors start monitoring environmental conditions continuously.

Data Collection:
The soil moisture sensor measures the soil’s moisture level and sends an analog or digital signal to the Arduino. Simultaneously, the humidity sensor provides ambient humidity and temperature data.

Decision Making:
The Arduino processes the sensor inputs. If the soil moisture falls below a preset threshold-indicating dry soil-and the ambient humidity is also low, the Arduino determines that irrigation is necessary. If moisture levels are adequate, the system remains inactive.

Irrigation Activation:
Upon detecting dry soil and low humidity, the Arduino sends a signal to the relay module to close the circuit. This activates the water pump, which irrigates the plants.

Irrigation Control:
The pump continues watering until the soil moisture sensor detects that moisture levels have risen above the threshold. At this point, the Arduino signals the relay to open the circuit, turning off the pump.
This automated loop ensures efficient water usage by delivering water only when needed, preventing overwatering and conserving resources. The system’s modular design allows customization of moisture thresholds to suit different plant species and environmental conditions, making it adaptable for various agricultural and gardening applications.
This description reflects a comprehensive, efficient, and user-friendly automatic irrigation system based on Arduino technology, optimizing plant care through precise environmental monitoring and control

CODE

// Libraries 

#include <DHT.h> 

#include <Wire.h> 

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h> 

 

// Define pins 

#define DHT_PIN 2                // Digital pin for DHT sensor 

#define SOIL_MOISTURE_PIN A0     // Analog pin for soil moisture sensor 

 

// Define sensor types and parameters 

#define DHT_TYPE DHT11           // DHT sensor type 

#define WATER_THRESHOLD 500      // Threshold value for soil moisture sensor 

 

// Define watering parameters 

#define WATER_DURATION 5000      // Watering duration in milliseconds 

#define WATER_PIN 8              // Digital pin for controlling water pump/valve 

 

// LCD parameters 

#define LCD_COLUMNS 16 

#define LCD_ROWS 2 

#define I2C_ADDRESS 0x27         // I2C address of the LCD module 

 

// Initialize sensors 

DHT dht(DHT_PIN, DHT_TYPE); 

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(I2C_ADDRESS, LCD_COLUMNS, LCD_ROWS); 

 

void setup() { 

  // Initialize serial communication 

  Serial.begin(9600); 

   

  // Initialize DHT sensor 

  dht.begin(); 

   

  // Set moisture sensor pin as input 

  pinMode(SOIL_MOISTURE_PIN, INPUT); 

   

  // Set water pump pin as output 

  pinMode(WATER_PIN, OUTPUT); 

 

  // Initialize LCD 

  lcd.init(); 

  lcd.backlight(); 

} 

 

void loop() { 

  // Read temperature and humidity from DHT sensor 

  float humidity = dht.readHumidity(); 

  float temperature = dht.readTemperature(); 

 

  // Check if humidity and temperature readings are valid 

  if (isnan(humidity) || isnan(temperature)) { 

    Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!"); 

    return; 

  } 

   

  // Read soil moisture level 

  int soilMoisture = analogRead(SOIL_MOISTURE_PIN); 

 

  // Check if soil moisture level is below threshold 

  if (soilMoisture < WATER_THRESHOLD) { 

    // Activate water pump 

    digitalWrite(WATER_PIN, HIGH); 

    Serial.println("Watering..."); 

    delay(WATER_DURATION); // Water for predefined duration 

    // Deactivate water pump 

    digitalWrite(WATER_PIN, LOW); 

    Serial.println("Watering finished."); 

  } 

   

  // Display sensor readings on LCD 

  lcd.clear(); 

  lcd.setCursor(0, 0); 

  lcd.print("Humidity: "); 

  lcd.print(humidity); 

  lcd.print("%"); 

  lcd.setCursor(0, 1); 

  lcd.print("Moisture: "); 

  lcd.print(soilMoisture); 

   

  // Print sensor readings to serial monitor 

  Serial.print("Humidity: "); 

  Serial.print(humidity); 

  Serial.print("%\t Temperature: "); 

  Serial.print(temperature); 

  Serial.print("°C\t Soil Moisture: "); 

  Serial.println(soilMoisture); 

   

  // Delay before next iteration 

  delay(2000); // Adjust delay as needed 

}

NEXT GENERATION IRRIGATION SYSTEM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

CODE

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